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Charles Edward Augustus Maximilian Stuart, Baron Korff, Count Roehenstart (''ca.'' May 1784 – 28 October 1854) was the natural son of Prince Ferdinand of Rohan (1738–1813), Roman Catholic Archbishop of Cambrai, by Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany, herself the natural but legitimized daughter of Charles Edward Stuart, "The Young Pretender" or "Bonnie Prince Charlie".〔(General Charles Edward Stuart, Count Roehenstart ), at jacobite.ca, accessed 20 March 2011〕 Roehenstart was later a passive Jacobite claimant to the British throne. The name of "Roehenstart" given to him in infancy combined the names of both of his parents, Rohan and Stuart, while failing to proclaim their identity, which at the time would have been a cause for scandal.〔 Although he retired from military service as a lieutenant colonel, he is sometimes called "General" Charles Edward Stuart, and this title appears on his gravestone at Dunkeld.〔Compton Mackenzie, ''Prince Charlie and his ladies'' (1935), pp. 266-267〕〔George Wiley Sherburn, ''Roehenstart, a late Stuart pretender'' (1961), P. 115: "Roehenstart was a colonel, but not a general..."〕 ==Life== Roehenstart was baptized into the Roman Catholic faith on 13 May 1784 at the parish church of Saint-Merry in the rue de Saint Martin, Paris, when he was described as a son of Maximilian Roehenstart and of Clementine Ruthven.〔(Descendants of Charles Edward Stuart ) at wargs.com, accessed 20 March 2011〕 He was named Charles Edward after his royal grandfather.〔 The letters of Roehenstart's mother to her own mother, Clementina Walkinshaw, provide evidence that this was one of her children, two daughters and one son, all fathered by Ferdinand de Rohan. The daughters were Marie Victoire Adélaïde ("Aglae"), who was baptized at the Château de Couzières on 19 June 1779, and Charlotte Maximilienne Amélie, born during the summer of 1780.〔 The pregnancy with Roehenstart delayed Charlotte's plans to join her father in Florence, he having been kept in ignorance of all three children.〔 On 23 March 1783, the ailing Prince Charles Edward had legitimized Charlotte, created her Duchess of Albany in the Jacobite Peerage, and made her heiress to some of his private property, but not his claim to the throne. She travelled to join him soon after the birth of Roehenstart, leaving her children behind in the care of her own mother, herself taking on the responsibility for nursing her father until his death on 31 January 1788. Less than two years later, on 17 November 1789, Charlotte herself died of cancer in Bologna.〔Noel McFerran, (Charlotte, Duchess of Albany ) at jacobite.ca, accessed 20 March 2011〕 In her Will, Charlotte did not mention her children but left money to her mother Clementina "to allow her the power of disposing at her death of fifty thousand francs in favour of any of her necessitous relations".〔(Will of Charlotte, Duchess of Albany ) at jacobite.ca, accessed 20 March 2011〕 Cardinal Henry Stuart, who was her uncle and executor as well as being the new Jacobite pretender, delayed releasing the money for two years.〔 Roehenstart's grandmother Clementina Walkinshaw lived until 1802, in her later years taking up residence in Switzerland, and Roehenstart was raised in the reformed faith. During the years of the French Revolution, his father paid for his education in Germany.〔 A substantial fortune came to Roehenstart from his grandmother, much of which on the recommendation of Thomas Coutts was invested in London with Turnbull, Forbes & Co., but the firm went bankrupt in 1803. Most of the remainder of his fortune, one hundred thousand roubles, was invested with a Russian banker named Sofniev.〔 In later life, Roehenstart stated that in 1800 he had been commissioned as an artillery officer of the Imperial Russian Army and had been promoted by 1803. On 8 August 1804, in Paris, he signed his name as a witness at the marriage of his sister Charlotte de Roehenstart to Jean-Louis de la Morliere. By 1806, he was no longer in the army, having resigned his commission as a lieutenant colonel, and had taken service in the household of Duke Alexander of Wurttemberg, who was Tsar Alexander I's Governor of White Ruthenia. In Saint Petersburg, Roehenstart was presented to the Tsarina, who was impressed by him. In 1811, he was offered the hand of an heiress, Marianna Hurko, but made the mistake of falling in love with her sister, Evelina, who was promised elsewhere. Unhappily, at about the same time Roehenstart's banker Sofniev failed, and Roehenstart was advised that he would recover only about five thousand roubles from the disaster. To the distress and anger of the Wurttembergs, he fled Russia, sailing from Kronstadt and arriving in London by November 1811. From there, he set sail for North America, in pursuit of John Forbes, a partner in Turnbull, Forbes & Co. who after the firm's failure had absconded to the United States with money Roehenstart believed to be rightfully his.〔Peter Piniński, ''The Stuarts' Last Secret'', (p. 187 )〕 He lived in Philadelphia from 1811 to 1813.〔''Notes and queries'', vol. 198 (1953), p. 72: "The Roehenstart Papers (now ''penes'' Prof. Sherburn in America) reveal that the Count of Roehenstart himself was on friendly terms with the Couttses (who had done so much for his family in the past, as Miss Tayler shows) and that he spent considerable time in Philadelphia in his younger days, notably between the years 1811 and 1813."〕 He remained in America until 1814.〔 In 1816, after the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars, Roehenstart went to Scotland and again to England, unsuccessfully renewing the Stuarts' pursuit of their old claim on the dowry of Queen Mary Beatrice of Modena, his great-great-grandmother.〔 In about 1820, Roehenstart married Maria Antonietta Sofia Barberini, the daughter of an exile said to be an Italian nobleman. She died the next year and on 20 July 1821 was buried under the name of "Countess Roehenstart" at Marylebone, London, her age at death being stated as thirty.〔 On 13 December 1826, at St Pancras, London, he married secondly Louisa Constance Bouchier Smith, an Englishwoman possessing a modest fortune, the daughter of Joseph Bouchier Smith, sometime lord of the manor of Kidlington in Oxfordshire, who had recently died.〔〔Piniński, (p. 198 )〕〔'Kidlington: Manors and other estates', in ''A History of the County of Oxford, volume 12: Wootton Hundred (South) including Woodstock'' (1990), (pp. 188-194 ), accessed 20 March 2011〕 Louisa Constance lived until 20 October 1853, dying at Paris, but there were no children of either marriage.〔 Following his second marriage, Roehenstart returned to continental Europe and spent much of the next twenty-five years travelling, usually without his wife, but they were settled permanently in his native Paris. In later life, Roehenstart spoke openly of his royal descent, but he became so boastful of his origins and adventures that few believed him.〔Susan Maclean Kybert, ''Bonnie Prince Charlie: A Biography'' (London: 1988), p. 313〕 In 1853, he lost his wife, and in 1854 he revisited Scotland. While there he was fatally injured in a road accident, when he was travelling in a carriage which overturned. He was buried in the graveyard of Dunkeld Cathedral.〔 His friends provided a modest headstone, with the inscription "Sacred to the memory of General Charles Edward Stuart Count Roehenstart who died at Dunkeld on the 28th October 1854 Sic transit gloria mundi".〔Gerald Warner, ''Tales of the Scottish Highlands'' (1982), pp. 100-101〕 In the twentieth century Roehenstart's papers came into the hands of the American scholar George Sherburn, who produced a comprehensive account of him from them.〔W. Frost. 'Recent Studies in the Restoration and Eighteenth Century', in ''Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900' (vol. 2, no. 3, Summer, 1962), pp. 359-384: "Charles Edward Augustus Maximilien Stuart, Baron Korff, Count Roehenstart (1784?-1854), a pretender to the English throne, left behind him a collection of papers later acquired by George Sherburn and turned into a convincing portrait."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles Edward Stuart, Count Roehenstart」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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